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	<title>Comments on: Narr@tive: Digital Storytelling 1/2</title>
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	<link>http://grandtextauto.org/2004/04/23/narrtive-digital-storytelling-12/</link>
	<description>A group blog about computer narrative, games, poetry, and art.</description>
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		<title>By: Jill</title>
		<link>http://grandtextauto.org/2004/04/23/narrtive-digital-storytelling-12/comment-page-1/#comment-1146</link>
		<dc:creator>Jill</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">/?p=310#comment-1146</guid>
		<description>My copy of Hyper/Text/Theory (ed. Landow, early 90s) is at my office, so I can&#039;t check, but doesn&#039;t Gunnar Liest&#248;l also talk about something very similar to what Kate Hayles is proposing in his chapter with those diagrams of Genette&#039;s histoire (fabula) and discourse (syuzhet) - though perhaps I&#039;m mistaken, it&#039;s a long time since I read that article.



It&#039;s fun reading the collaboratively written report - must have been fun writing it too!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My copy of Hyper/Text/Theory (ed. Landow, early 90s) is at my office, so I can&#8217;t check, but doesn&#8217;t Gunnar Liest&oslash;l also talk about something very similar to what Kate Hayles is proposing in his chapter with those diagrams of Genette&#8217;s histoire (fabula) and discourse (syuzhet) &#8211; though perhaps I&#8217;m mistaken, it&#8217;s a long time since I read that article.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s fun reading the collaboratively written report &#8211; must have been fun writing it too!</p>
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		<title>By: B. Rickman</title>
		<link>http://grandtextauto.org/2004/04/23/narrtive-digital-storytelling-12/comment-page-1/#comment-1147</link>
		<dc:creator>B. Rickman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">/?p=310#comment-1147</guid>
		<description>Wasn&#039;t there some brief discussion about possibility spaces here a while back?  Well, I personally am somewhat leery of bringing mathematical-ish terms into new media theory; the phrase &quot;combinatorial explosion&quot; sets my teeth on edge when spoken by an English major.  (Perhaps this is just a defense mechanism; if any English departments want me to teach a math course please contact me.)



I&#039;ll try to collect my thoughts on the conference and post them on my blog in the next day or so.  I warned Noah that they might not be too nice.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wasn&#8217;t there some brief discussion about possibility spaces here a while back?  Well, I personally am somewhat leery of bringing mathematical-ish terms into new media theory; the phrase &#8220;combinatorial explosion&#8221; sets my teeth on edge when spoken by an English major.  (Perhaps this is just a defense mechanism; if any English departments want me to teach a math course please contact me.)</p>
<p>I&#8217;ll try to collect my thoughts on the conference and post them on my blog in the next day or so.  I warned Noah that they might not be too nice.</p>
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		<title>By: nick</title>
		<link>http://grandtextauto.org/2004/04/23/narrtive-digital-storytelling-12/comment-page-1/#comment-1148</link>
		<dc:creator>nick</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">/?p=310#comment-1148</guid>
		<description>I hope part 2 (which Jeremy also contributed to) will be posted by Noah soon. These writeups were fun. I write from a Chicago airport pay phone, so must end...



&lt;b&gt;Update:&lt;/b&gt; This phone has an RJ45 port available for use for $1.50 an hour! And me with my ethernet cable right here. Hooray for telcos and pay phones. Now I can go delete 200 spam emails during the next hour ... and I thought I might not be able to do anything productive ...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I hope part 2 (which Jeremy also contributed to) will be posted by Noah soon. These writeups were fun. I write from a Chicago airport pay phone, so must end&#8230;</p>
<p><b>Update:</b> This phone has an RJ45 port available for use for $1.50 an hour! And me with my ethernet cable right here. Hooray for telcos and pay phones. Now I can go delete 200 spam emails during the next hour &#8230; and I thought I might not be able to do anything productive &#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: Espen</title>
		<link>http://grandtextauto.org/2004/04/23/narrtive-digital-storytelling-12/comment-page-1/#comment-1149</link>
		<dc:creator>Espen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">/?p=310#comment-1149</guid>
		<description>&quot;Kate explained that the possibility space is not a distinction between &quot;surface and depth&quot; or the internal texts and presented texts, but between (a) the combinatory possibilities within system and user operations and (b) the resulting syuzhet.&quot;



My distinction between scriptons and textons is NOT between surface and depth, but &quot;between strings as they appear to readers, and strings as they exist in the text, since these may not always be the same. &quot; (Cybertext, p 62.) 



The example I use in my definition, Queneau&#039;s Cent Mille..., illustrates this: there is no surface versus depth in the text, only combinatorics that takes place on the surface.   



The only difference I am able to tell between my terms and Kate&#039;s from this short description is that mine are more general; they also address non-narrative phenomena such as experimental hyperliterature and poetry.



Disclaimer: I realize that this is not Kate&#039;s position in her own words but as blogged by GtxtA, which as we all know tends to skew facts from time to time...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Kate explained that the possibility space is not a distinction between &#8220;surface and depth&#8221; or the internal texts and presented texts, but between (a) the combinatory possibilities within system and user operations and (b) the resulting syuzhet.&#8221;</p>
<p>My distinction between scriptons and textons is NOT between surface and depth, but &#8220;between strings as they appear to readers, and strings as they exist in the text, since these may not always be the same. &#8221; (Cybertext, p 62.) </p>
<p>The example I use in my definition, Queneau&#8217;s Cent Mille&#8230;, illustrates this: there is no surface versus depth in the text, only combinatorics that takes place on the surface.   </p>
<p>The only difference I am able to tell between my terms and Kate&#8217;s from this short description is that mine are more general; they also address non-narrative phenomena such as experimental hyperliterature and poetry.</p>
<p>Disclaimer: I realize that this is not Kate&#8217;s position in her own words but as blogged by GtxtA, which as we all know tends to skew facts from time to time&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: Mark</title>
		<link>http://grandtextauto.org/2004/04/23/narrtive-digital-storytelling-12/comment-page-1/#comment-1150</link>
		<dc:creator>Mark</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">/?p=310#comment-1150</guid>
		<description>Not to speak for Kate, of course, but (according to my notes not typed on SubEthaNet) she made it clear that &quot;possibility space&quot; required(less than a dozen) computational operations  conducted by digital systems operating within works involving fragmentation and combinatorics.



So, as you&#039;ve written Espen, the term could not be more broadly applied and had at least some material (or computational) specificity.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Not to speak for Kate, of course, but (according to my notes not typed on SubEthaNet) she made it clear that &#8220;possibility space&#8221; required(less than a dozen) computational operations  conducted by digital systems operating within works involving fragmentation and combinatorics.</p>
<p>So, as you&#8217;ve written Espen, the term could not be more broadly applied and had at least some material (or computational) specificity.</p>
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		<title>By: Espen</title>
		<link>http://grandtextauto.org/2004/04/23/narrtive-digital-storytelling-12/comment-page-1/#comment-1151</link>
		<dc:creator>Espen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">/?p=310#comment-1151</guid>
		<description>Mark, thanks for the elaboration, which does leave me a bit puzzled.



Does this mean that only digital works have &quot;possibility spaces&quot;? And that texts like I Ching, Choose-your-own-adventure books and Cent Mille Milliards de Po&#232;mes do not? (And what about digital versions of the above?)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mark, thanks for the elaboration, which does leave me a bit puzzled.</p>
<p>Does this mean that only digital works have &#8220;possibility spaces&#8221;? And that texts like I Ching, Choose-your-own-adventure books and Cent Mille Milliards de Po&egrave;mes do not? (And what about digital versions of the above?)</p>
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		<title>By: nick</title>
		<link>http://grandtextauto.org/2004/04/23/narrtive-digital-storytelling-12/comment-page-1/#comment-1152</link>
		<dc:creator>nick</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">/?p=310#comment-1152</guid>
		<description>I (speaking only for myself) don&#039;t think possibility spaces are specific to digital work. I think the Oulipo, plagiarists by anticipation that they are, came up with a term that can be used for this concept long ago: &quot;potential.&quot;



If I dump all the text out of some interactive fiction source code (using a facility of Inform, for instance) or disassemble a story file and get all the text, I have the textons, as I understand it. If I play interactive fiction, I see scriptons. There is also the set of all possible ways that the textons can be arranged and presented to me as scriptons, the potential session texts of a particular work of IF. which seems to be the possibility space of that IF. No, this is not a new concept, but it is probably worth some attention.



Yes, I agree with Espen that a computer is not necessary here. If I bind the textons of &lt;i&gt;Cent Mille Millard de po&#233;mes&lt;/i&gt; into two volumes, or if I taped several &quot;pages&quot; back together along the strips so that it is as if those pages were uncut, I would have the same textons, and could produce and look at something that would be a scripton in the original &lt;i&gt;Cent Mille Millard de po&#233;mes&lt;/i&gt; as well, but there would be far fewer potential poems.



Incidentally, you don&#039;t need anywhere near a dozen basic computational operations to build a general-purpose computer. It can all be done just using the true/false distinction and &lt;a href=&quot;http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NAND.html&quot;&gt;NAND.&lt;/a&gt; There is a small set of logic gates that are generally talked about, but those two elements can be used to build them and are all that is needed for general-purpose computing.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I (speaking only for myself) don&#8217;t think possibility spaces are specific to digital work. I think the Oulipo, plagiarists by anticipation that they are, came up with a term that can be used for this concept long ago: &#8220;potential.&#8221;</p>
<p>If I dump all the text out of some interactive fiction source code (using a facility of Inform, for instance) or disassemble a story file and get all the text, I have the textons, as I understand it. If I play interactive fiction, I see scriptons. There is also the set of all possible ways that the textons can be arranged and presented to me as scriptons, the potential session texts of a particular work of IF. which seems to be the possibility space of that IF. No, this is not a new concept, but it is probably worth some attention.</p>
<p>Yes, I agree with Espen that a computer is not necessary here. If I bind the textons of <i>Cent Mille Millard de po&eacute;mes</i> into two volumes, or if I taped several &#8220;pages&#8221; back together along the strips so that it is as if those pages were uncut, I would have the same textons, and could produce and look at something that would be a scripton in the original <i>Cent Mille Millard de po&eacute;mes</i> as well, but there would be far fewer potential poems.</p>
<p>Incidentally, you don&#8217;t need anywhere near a dozen basic computational operations to build a general-purpose computer. It can all be done just using the true/false distinction and <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NAND.html">NAND.</a> There is a small set of logic gates that are generally talked about, but those two elements can be used to build them and are all that is needed for general-purpose computing.</p>
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		<title>By: William</title>
		<link>http://grandtextauto.org/2004/04/23/narrtive-digital-storytelling-12/comment-page-1/#comment-1153</link>
		<dc:creator>William</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">/?p=310#comment-1153</guid>
		<description>Well, let me ask something to get clearer on the ontology here a bit: is it possible that works like the I Ching are, in fact, computers (finite state machines) simply not implemented on silicon computers?



Aren&#039;t combinatorics the core of computing, whether it is computing with electrons, sticks, or steam? If a computer is a programmable system that responds to rules and executes commands, wouldn&#039;t this describe the systems of the I Ching and the Oulipo work?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Well, let me ask something to get clearer on the ontology here a bit: is it possible that works like the I Ching are, in fact, computers (finite state machines) simply not implemented on silicon computers?</p>
<p>Aren&#8217;t combinatorics the core of computing, whether it is computing with electrons, sticks, or steam? If a computer is a programmable system that responds to rules and executes commands, wouldn&#8217;t this describe the systems of the I Ching and the Oulipo work?</p>
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		<title>By: B. Rickman</title>
		<link>http://grandtextauto.org/2004/04/23/narrtive-digital-storytelling-12/comment-page-1/#comment-1154</link>
		<dc:creator>B. Rickman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">/?p=310#comment-1154</guid>
		<description>Personally, I would describe things like the I Ching and certain Oulipian methods as devices for calculation.  They perform specific functions, generating random passages or transforming one text into another.



I really don&#039;t get what the purpose of defining a &quot;possibility space&quot; is, aside from providing a visualization of some operation, e.g. this book of ten pages can produce ten million unique (and very uninteresting) poems.  This visualization quickly breaks down in the case of Nick&#039;s operations on textons, where the &quot;space&quot; of potential readings is vast in comparison to the number of likely readings anyone is likely to encounter.  (The possibility space becomes just so many monkeys on typewriters.)



Computation, on the other hand, can be thought of as a way of performing calculations on a generic, non-specialized machine.  The compuation might be the calculation of a combinatorial operation, spewing out all the permuations of some text, but that is only one specific function of what computation can accomplish.  And while combinatorics can be appealing to non-math people, there are most powerful tools like group theory, set theory, topology, &amp;c, which would be much better tools for analysis of some possibility space.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Personally, I would describe things like the I Ching and certain Oulipian methods as devices for calculation.  They perform specific functions, generating random passages or transforming one text into another.</p>
<p>I really don&#8217;t get what the purpose of defining a &#8220;possibility space&#8221; is, aside from providing a visualization of some operation, e.g. this book of ten pages can produce ten million unique (and very uninteresting) poems.  This visualization quickly breaks down in the case of Nick&#8217;s operations on textons, where the &#8220;space&#8221; of potential readings is vast in comparison to the number of likely readings anyone is likely to encounter.  (The possibility space becomes just so many monkeys on typewriters.)</p>
<p>Computation, on the other hand, can be thought of as a way of performing calculations on a generic, non-specialized machine.  The compuation might be the calculation of a combinatorial operation, spewing out all the permuations of some text, but that is only one specific function of what computation can accomplish.  And while combinatorics can be appealing to non-math people, there are most powerful tools like group theory, set theory, topology, &#038;c, which would be much better tools for analysis of some possibility space.</p>
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		<title>By: Katherine Hayles</title>
		<link>http://grandtextauto.org/2004/04/23/narrtive-digital-storytelling-12/comment-page-1/#comment-1155</link>
		<dc:creator>Katherine Hayles</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">/?p=310#comment-1155</guid>
		<description>Thanks to Nick and Noah for posting these notes on the conference, and to all those who responded.  As I said at the conference, this is the beginning of a new project for me, and I&#039;m especially grateful for all of your thoughts and comments.  Thanks to Espen for correcting my mistake about surface/depth regarding textons/scriptons.  On further thought, I am rather inclined to believe that what I am trying to get at here is something like a shift in the metaphysics of narrative.  Whereas I find texton/scripton an invaluable distinction for directing attention toward the difference between how the text is generated and what the text is, my own interest in this project is directed more toward narratological functions and the presuppositions embedded in a dichotomy such as syuzhet/fabula.  What I see happening in much of contemporary narrative, both print and electronic, is a shift away from thinking that a storyworld (fabula) underlies/interacts with the syuzhet; rather, now the generative tension often seems to be between the syuzhet and a combinatorics/computational space.  I will thinking/reading more about this in the weeks/months to come, and I appreciate all the tips, corrections, and leads you have suggested.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks to Nick and Noah for posting these notes on the conference, and to all those who responded.  As I said at the conference, this is the beginning of a new project for me, and I&#8217;m especially grateful for all of your thoughts and comments.  Thanks to Espen for correcting my mistake about surface/depth regarding textons/scriptons.  On further thought, I am rather inclined to believe that what I am trying to get at here is something like a shift in the metaphysics of narrative.  Whereas I find texton/scripton an invaluable distinction for directing attention toward the difference between how the text is generated and what the text is, my own interest in this project is directed more toward narratological functions and the presuppositions embedded in a dichotomy such as syuzhet/fabula.  What I see happening in much of contemporary narrative, both print and electronic, is a shift away from thinking that a storyworld (fabula) underlies/interacts with the syuzhet; rather, now the generative tension often seems to be between the syuzhet and a combinatorics/computational space.  I will thinking/reading more about this in the weeks/months to come, and I appreciate all the tips, corrections, and leads you have suggested.</p>
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		<title>By: miscellany is the largest category</title>
		<link>http://grandtextauto.org/2004/04/23/narrtive-digital-storytelling-12/comment-page-1/#comment-1156</link>
		<dc:creator>miscellany is the largest category</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">/?p=310#comment-1156</guid>
		<description>&lt;trackback /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ebr + first person&lt;/strong&gt;
electronic book review has established a thread for Noah Wardrip-Fruin and Pat Harrigan&#039;s First Person: New Media as Story, Performance, and Game. Check out the thread introduction or see an overview of the weave. Also, some thought provoking conversat...
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<trackback /><strong>ebr + first person</strong><br />
electronic book review has established a thread for Noah Wardrip-Fruin and Pat Harrigan&#8217;s First Person: New Media as Story, Performance, and Game. Check out the thread introduction or see an overview of the weave. Also, some thought provoking conversat&#8230;</p>
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